Clematis is a representative of buttercups, which are quite common in the temperate zone. Various types of herbaceous perennials and their hybrid varieties are planted on sites.
Curly highly decorative lianas are distinguished by many colors. It should be noted that they are relatives of a nondescript buttercup. Each variety is registered with the Royal Horticultural Society.
Description
Plants from the latter category are not recommended for replanting. This can lead to their death. The appearance of the leaves varies depending on the variety. Simple consists of one plate, complex usually have more than three.
Clematis can have many shades, among them pale pink, yellow, magenta, white, sky blue and velvet blue. This list is not limited to the colors indicated.
Their size can reach from 1 to 20 cm. The aroma of clematis resembles almonds, primrose and jasmine. The fruits of this plant are achenes. They are also distinguished by decorativeness. Silver heads adorn the garden until late autumn.
Plants grow in forests, bushes, steppes, cliffs. Wild clematis (another name for clematis) can be found on river banks and saline soil. Such an extensive range is explained by their unpretentiousness.
Clematis is resistant to low temperature and drought.
When planting plants in open ground, gardeners should pay attention to the condition of the soil. Liana-shaped stems are often climbing and climbing. Its length is usually not more than 5 meters.
Clematis Classification
Species of clematis are divided, focusing on:
| Flowering time. | There are 3 groups in total. The first includes plants that bloom in spring and early summer. The second consists of vines, in which the corollas appear twice during the summer. The appearance of inflorescences in this case is different. The third contains varieties that delight with their bright corollas in July and August. |
| The shape, splendor and size of the flowers. | Clematis varies in shade (from pale and saturated) and the method of staining (two-tone, plain). Corollas can resemble bells, saucers and stars. Gardeners plant both simple and double clematis on the plots. |
| The need for pruning. | Timely removal of unnecessary parts entails abundant flowering, branching and the formation of new shoots. |
Lomonosas are large and small-flowered.
Species Clematis
The plant does not take up much space. For support, additional garden equipment is used. Their configuration may vary.
Obelisks, walls, stairs, trellises and arches are made of wood and metal. For cultivation, grids are used, divided into square-shaped cells.
The most common varieties:
| View | Description | Flowers / varieties |
| Straight | Height - up to 1.5 m, erect stems, decorates the garden from May to June. It gives self-seeding, there is a need for support. | Small white corollas diameter - from 1 to 1.5 cm. |
| Whole leaf | Height - from 0.6 to 1 m, silver fruits differ in spherical shape. Straight stems are necessarily tied to low devices. It blooms in early summer. | Single violet, petals bent outward.
|
| Tangut | Creepers (length not more than 4 m), the fruits are decorative, support is needed. | Yellow bell-shaped. |
| Alpine | Height - 3 m, large leaves, characterized by a leathery coating. Blossom begins in August. |
|
| Flowery (Florida) | Length can reach more than 3 meters, impressive aroma. Compact flowers. Frost resistance, lack of fear of the sun. |
|
| Mountain (Montana) | Height - 9 m, sharp and small leaves, which are collected in bunches. Delicate scent. |
|
| Violet (Vititsella) | Corollas are simple, the length of the shoots is 3.5 m. The flowering period is from June to September. Leaves of a complex type. |
|
| Burning | They are distinguished by rapid growth, the length of the shoots is not more than 5 m. Complex leaf blades of a dark green hue. It blooms in mid-summer. | Small white corollas collected in inflorescences. |
Hybrid Clematis
Vines cling through stems and leaves. Single small corollas gather in inflorescences.
On decorative clematis, pubescent rounded fruits are formed. Leaf blades differ in juiciness and interesting shape.
These plants need strong supports. This is due to the impressive weight of adult clematis. To achieve the maximum decorative effect, they are planted in areas that are protected from the wind.
Varieties of hybrid clematis with a photo and description
Varieties characterized by the greatest decorativeness:
| Varieties | Description |
| Gray bird | Blue-purple, directed down. The flowering period lasts for three months. |
| Ville de lyon | Shoots are dark brown, carmine red buds, bright yellow anthers. The diameter of the flowers is from 9 to 12 cm. The opening period depends on when the pruning occurs. |
| Nelly Moser | Light pink flowers whose petals are decorated with a burgundy stripe. Star-shaped corollas can reach 16 cm in diameter. |
| Ideal | White flowers, the diameter of which is from 16 to 20 cm. Anthers differ in anthers of a black shade. |
| Jacqueman | Yellow anthers, purple sepals. |
| Blue flame | Open flowers, characterized by a two-tone color. Decorates the garden until mid-autumn. Diameter does not exceed 15 cm. |
| Comtess de Buschaux | Large bright pink corollas. Has 6 petals, characterized by wavy edges. Anthers yellow shade. |
| Taiga | Terry lemon-purple flowers. They can be simple and complex. |
| Manchurian | Height - 3 m. Leaf blades opposite. White flowers consist of 3-7 petals. |
Sowing seeds
They are large, medium and small. Thanks to the variety of seeds, experienced gardeners have the opportunity to create new hybrid varieties.
Sowing time is directly dependent on size. The smallest are placed in pre-prepared soil in the spring (March-April). Large plants are planted in late autumn or in the first winter months.
Landing the rest involved in January. To approximate the time of emergence of the sprouts, the seeds are pre-soaked for 10 days.
When preparing the substrate it is necessary to use peat, earth and sand. All ingredients are taken in equal proportions. The resulting mixture is moistened.
At the next stage, spread the seeds. The layer should be thin and uniform. They are covered with sand, which is then slightly compacted. After that it remains to cover the container with glass.
Seedling Care
Emerging shoots need lighting. At the same time, they should be protected from direct sunlight. Clematis picking is carried out after the first pair of leaflets occurs.
Between plants there should be an interval equal to 15 cm. Due to timely pinching, the root mass is growing rapidly.
In the autumn period, seedlings need to be covered. The transplant is carried out in the spring, the depth of the finished trench is 5-7 cm.
Clematis planting in open ground
To grow clematis, you need to decide on the place where it will be planted. It is best to choose a mound.
Compliance with this condition will prevent the root system from decaying due to the proximity of groundwater.
Clematis is strictly forbidden to plant near the walls. Otherwise, increased soil moisture cannot be avoided.
What time to land
The optimal period for planting is the last August and September. The earth warms up well, so the seedlings have time to take root. Difficulties with wintering usually do not arise.
If a plant is planted in open ground, it will bloom next summer. When planning the scheme of work, the gardener should take into account the general condition of clematis seedlings.
Spring planting
A prepared seedling must have at least one shoot.
The bed is prepared as follows:
- digging a hole;
- a drainage mixture is placed at its bottom;
- prepare the soil if it is not fertile. This must be done a year before planting;
- establish supports whose height is not more than 2.5 m;
- prepared soil is poured into the pit;
- plant clematis;
- water the plant;
- mulch the excavation with a peat mixture.
Between planted clematis - at least one meter.
Autumn landing
When planting, observe the following rules:
- the procedure is carried out in early September;
- it is necessary to prevent waterlogging and excessive dryness of the soil;
- soil can be prepared from humus, chalk, coarse sand, ash and peat;
- if the land in the selected area is characterized by increased acidity, it will have to be neutralized. For planting, neutral and alkaline soils should be used;
- the stalk should have a lignified stem. Mandatory presence of layering.
The rest of the planting is carried out according to the algorithm specified in the previous paragraph.
Clematis care in the garden
Clematis is a plant that needs regular watering, loosening, mulching the soil. Due to this, the number of weeds is reduced, moisture is retained, and plant growth is accelerated.
Clematis, which belong to the high (long) varieties, must be tied.
Otherwise, the shoots, characterized by flexibility, become entangled, which is fraught with damage to the buds that have blossomed. Before the onset of winter, clematis bushes cover. This can be done using the "air" design.
Top dressing
To achieve abundant flowering, fertilizers are applied according to a certain scheme. Moreover, they must have a liquid consistency. Small single servings are poured onto the mounds immediately after watering.
To prepare the composition, boric acid, a solution of potassium permanganate, urea, mullein, ammonium nitrate, and chicken droppings are often used. Organics are combined with mineral mixtures.
The first top dressing is done after the appearance of green mass, the second - at the beginning of flowering, the third - after its end.
In spring, plants are treated with milk of lime. Trace elements during the growing season. With an overdose of phosphates, signs of chlorosis occur.
Clematis Supports
As devices for clematis, special structures are used. Regardless of the type of support, the diameter of the part to be strengthened is 1.2 cm.
With the growth of clematis gain weight, this is especially noticeable after rain. That is why the gardener, when choosing a structure, needs to pay attention to the strength indicator.
Clematis pruning
This stage is required for the formation of representatives of any kind. It is necessary to carry out 3 clippings. The first - before landing, the second - in July, the third - in the fall.
During the procedure, part of the shoot is removed. The scheme is adjusted, taking into account the variety of clematis, place of growth, number of buds.
Clematis after flowering
During preparation for wintering, the plant removes leaf blades, treats the neck with a composition containing copper sulfate.
Another mandatory step is the cultivation of clematis.
The list can be supplemented by shelter from dry leaves, a wooden box, roofing felt. The latter must be crushed with stones. Otherwise, it will shift.
Clematis Reproduction
New clematis get through seeds, cuttings, layering and young shoots. Seed is most often used for breeding purposes.
When purchasing seedlings, it is recommended to pay attention to:
- mechanical damage;
- root condition;
- developed shoots with buds;
- purchase time.
Cultivars of clematis are propagated by grafting on winter-hardy varieties.
Bush division
The procedure is carried out if the age of clematis does not exceed 6 years. Otherwise, the difficulties provoked by the overgrown root system cannot be avoided.
The procedure is quite simple:
- dig out a vine;
- rid her of the earth;
- cut that part of the plant on which there are root buds.
Division needs to be carried out in the fall or in the spring. If the bush is too large, it will be enough to separate only part of the culture.
Layering
The process of their separation and transplantation is not difficult. Using this method, you can get no more than 10 seedlings.
The method is used in the autumn period of time. Thus accelerate the formation and strengthening of clematis.
The gardener must follow the algorithm:
- grooves are made around the plant, the depth of which is 10 cm;
- choose shoots;
- remove foliage;
- fix internodes;
- fall asleep parts of the plant fertile soil.
The result of the work is a bed on which the tops of the layering 20 cm peep out.
Cuttings
The procedure is carried out with budding. Biostimulants accumulate in clematis shoots. To increase the likelihood of roots, use short lateral processes.
After complete cutting, they are divided into processes, each of which should have one node. Particular attention should be paid to the direction of the cut: the upper one is made straight, the lower one is oblique.
Diseases and pests
Pathological changes should be prevented. Possible ailments:
| Causes | Symptoms | Remedial measures |
| Powdery mildew | White plaque on various parts of the plant. | Spraying the affected bush with Fundazol and Azocene. |
| Gray rot | Dry gray-brown spots on the stems. | |
| Wilt | Swift withering. | Cutting off affected parts. Processing with a solution of potassium permanganate, foundationazole, copper-soap emulsion. |
| Yellow mosaic | Yellowing leaves. | Complete destruction of plants. |
| Fusarium | Discoloration and curl of leaves. | Prevention: fungicide. There is no treatment, complete elimination is provided. |
| Rust | Orange pads on leaf blades, deformation of damaged parts of a plant. | Copper Chloride Spray. |
| Ascothychosis | Necrotic spots. | Copper sulfate. |
Clematis is often included in landscaping. Varietal plants are preferred. They do not need shelters. Outdoor planting and care are also not difficult.
Clematis can be planted both separately from other garden plants, and together with them. In the middle lane, these plants are planted in the same flower garden with climbing roses, morning glory and kobe.
